Effect of electric-double layer on the blood flow in glycocalyx layered tubes: applications to drug delivery in microvessels

Role of endothelium glycocalyx integraty is important for targeted intravenous nanoparticle drug delivery. It plays a vital role in many physical functions in microvessel including protection of the vessel wall with harmful levels of fluid shear. Hence, understanding the impact of the glycocalyx layer is important to develop of human medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. By experiment it observed that the glycocalyx layer embraces negative charges in the electric-double layer which interacting with plasma phase (treated as an electrolyte) adjoin to the microvessel wall and induces various mechanical and electrochemical phenomena at the interfacial layer. A two fluid model is considered to define the nature of the blood flow. The electrochemical characteristics of the glycocalyx layer are defined by Gouy–Chapman theory. The Navier–Stokes equation related to the blood flow and Poisson equation related to the charge density are solve analytically and represent in the form of Bessel function and hyper-geometric function. The charge effect of glycocalyx layer on the blood flow due to permeability of the wall, conditions at the interface of the clear and peripheral region, boundary condition at the wall mainly slip or no-slip condition and the rheology of blood are discussed and displays through graphs. The behavior of the glycocalyx layer which plays a vital role in the cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, are discussed under the influence of different parameters. It will give more brief idea on the electrochemical nature and electrokinetic effect of the glycocalyx layer.