Implications of surface coatings on engineered nanomaterials for environmental systems: Status quo, challenges, and perspectives

There have been dramatic increases in the commercialization of consumer and industrial applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). They possess special physicochemical properties (i.e., tuneable properties) that are not found in their bulk parent materials. They help to achieve stabilization, which is usually achieved by use of different forms and types of coatings. In addition, following their release into the environment, ENMs acquire coating from natural organic matter. This chapter seeks to review the current literature on the implications of acquired coatings and those created through synthesis. We will discuss their potential exposure and hazards to ecological systems. The chapter closes by evaluating the potential of future green ENMs, which can be achieved by incorporating environmentally friendly coatings.