Kinematic Analysis of Slopes in the Western and Eastern Walls of the Karowe Open Pit, Botswana

The Karowe Diamond Mine is an open pit mine located in the Central District of Botswana and it exploits the AK6 kimberlite which is part of the Orapa Kimberlite Field (OKF). The main focus of this study is to identify potential movement of critical structures or discontinuities such as joints, faults, bedding. Structural Discontinuity mapping and Geophysical Data Collection, Maptek 3D analysis and Kinematic analysis through the RocScience Dips.8 software were used to generate data and further evaluation using stereographic projection for the Karowe open pit. Through kinematic analysis, critical failure modes including Planar failure mode (1.65% of joints causing failure), flexural failure mode (1.65% of joints causing failure), Direct Toppling (12.43% of joints capable of causing failure) and Wedge Failure (12.09% of joints capable of causing failure) were identified. Direct toppling and wedge failure are prominent on the north-eastern and south-eastern slopes of the mine. Recommendations for slope stability enhancement include adjusting slope angles or pit geometries to align with critical discontinuity orientations, developing support structures for slope reinforcement, implementing regular drainage measures, and conducting tension crack mapping exercises. These proactive strategies aim to optimize slope stability, reduce potential failure risks, and ensure long-term safety and productivity in mining operations. This study emphasizes the significance of kinematic analysis for understanding and predicting potential failure modes related to structural parameters in mining operations. By incorporating these findings into slope stability assessments and engineering strategies, mining companies can enhance safety measures and optimize operational efficiency in challenging geological environments like the Karowe Diamond Mine.
Keywords: Karowe Kimberlite Field, Maptek, Dips.8, Kinematic analysis, Failure modes