Mining and the Environment in Ghana - An Economic Controversy

The mining industry in Ghana has contributed tremendously to the economic development of individuals and the nation as a whole. These benefits are evident in the creation of direct and indirect employment and the generation of the much needed foreign exchange. The need for more foreign exchange has resulted in the liberalisation of mining laws to promote mining activities in the country. Increased mining activities in recent times has brought to light attendant environmental problems. The economic benefits and the environmental degradation constitute an economic controversy. This paper reviews the socio-economic benefits and the negative environmental impact of mining in Ghana. Measures to increase the socio-economic benefits and mitigate the environmental degradation are presented. It is concluded that unless special attention is paid to environmental problems, the cost to resolve them will far outweigh the benefits.