TY - JOUR
T1 - Origin and chemical and isotopic evolution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater of the Okavango Delta, Botswana
AU - Akondi, Rawlings N.
AU - Atekwana, Eliot A.
AU - Molwalefhe, Loago
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, © 2019 IAHS.
PY - 2019/1/2
Y1 - 2019/1/2
N2 - The origin and the chemical and isotopic evolution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater of the Okavango Delta in semi-arid Botswana were investigated using DIC and major ion concentrations and stable oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotopes (δD, δ 18 O and δ 13 C DIC ). The δD and δ 18 O indicated that groundwater was recharged by evaporated river water and unevaporated rain. The river water and shallow (<10 m) groundwater are Ca–Na–HCO 3 type and the deep (≥10 m) groundwater is Na–K–HCO 3 to HCO 3 –Cl–SO 4 to Cl–SO 4 –HCO 3 . Compared to river water, the mean DIC concentrations were 2 times higher in shallow groundwater, 7 times higher in deep groundwater and 24 times higher in island groundwater. The δ 13 C DIC indicate that DIC production in groundwater is from organic matter oxidation and in island groundwater from organic matter oxidation and dissolution of sodium carbonate salts. The ionic and isotopic evolution of the groundwater relative to evaporated river water indicates two independent pools of DIC.
AB - The origin and the chemical and isotopic evolution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater of the Okavango Delta in semi-arid Botswana were investigated using DIC and major ion concentrations and stable oxygen, hydrogen and carbon isotopes (δD, δ 18 O and δ 13 C DIC ). The δD and δ 18 O indicated that groundwater was recharged by evaporated river water and unevaporated rain. The river water and shallow (<10 m) groundwater are Ca–Na–HCO 3 type and the deep (≥10 m) groundwater is Na–K–HCO 3 to HCO 3 –Cl–SO 4 to Cl–SO 4 –HCO 3 . Compared to river water, the mean DIC concentrations were 2 times higher in shallow groundwater, 7 times higher in deep groundwater and 24 times higher in island groundwater. The δ 13 C DIC indicate that DIC production in groundwater is from organic matter oxidation and in island groundwater from organic matter oxidation and dissolution of sodium carbonate salts. The ionic and isotopic evolution of the groundwater relative to evaporated river water indicates two independent pools of DIC.
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U2 - 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560447
DO - 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560447
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85061048288
SN - 0262-6667
VL - 64
SP - 105
EP - 120
JO - Hydrological Sciences Journal
JF - Hydrological Sciences Journal
IS - 1
ER -