TY - JOUR
T1 - Socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana
T2 - A cross-sectional study
AU - Keetile, Mpho
AU - Navaneetham, Kannan
AU - Letamo, Gobopamang
AU - Bainame, Kenabetsho
AU - Rakgoasi, Serai Daniel
AU - Gabaitiri, Lesego
AU - Masupe, Tiny
AU - Molebatsi, Robert
N1 - Funding Information:
In conclusion our findings indicate high prevalence of overweight/obesity in the adult population of Botswana. Overweight/obesity was found to be significantly high among women, older adults and people with higher education levels. Behavioural factors such as smoking and poor physical activity were found to be key correlates of overweight/obesity. These results demonstrate that socioeconomic and behavioural factors play an important role in prevalence of overweight/obesity. Botswana's multisectoral national strategic plan implementation framework for combating NCDs should focus on developing a community based and people centred awareness about the harmful impact of smoking, alcohol, physically inactivity and poor quality of diet facilited by comprehensive national monitoring and evaluvation framework. We wish to thank University of Botswana for affording us the time and resources to undertake this study. This paper is a part of the larger study on “Chronic Non communicable Diseases in Botswana: Chronic disease prevalence, Health Care Utilization, Health Expenditure and the Life course (NCD study)” funded by the Office of Research of Development (ORD) at the University of Botswana. The authors wish to thank ORD for the financial support. We also wish to thank the study participants. Contributors This paper is a part of the larger NCD study which was designed, conceived and developed by the study team (MK, KN, GL, KB, SDR, LG, TM and RM). MK did the analysis and wrote the initial draft of this paper. KN, GL and SDR gave feedbacks for revising the first draft. MK, KN and GL worked on the reviewers comments. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript except KB who recently passed away. We dedicate this article to KB whom we miss very much. Funding The ‘Chronic Non communicable Diseases in Botswana: Chronic disease prevalence, Health Care Utilization, Health Expenditure and the Life course’ survey was supported by Office of Research and Development, through Round 28 Research Funding, University of Botswana. Disclaimer The funding body had no role in the design of the study, analyses, interpretation or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Competing interests None declared. Patient consent for publication Not required. Ethics approval All ethical clearance formalities were completed before the start of the study. The study proposal along with the necessary documents was submitted to and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Botswana (Ref #: UBR/RES/IRB/1583) and the Ministry of Health and Wellness (Ref #: HPDME: 13/18/1 Vol. X (130)). Privacy and confidentiality of highest standard were maintained by treating all respondents as anonymous and no names of respondents are mentioned or implied when presenting findings of the study. Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. Data availability statement Data can be availed through the Office of Research and Development, University of Botswana.
Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
PY - 2019/12/8
Y1 - 2019/12/8
N2 - Objective To undertake a comprehensive assessment of socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adult population in Botswana. Design The study adopted a cross-sectional design by selecting adult respondents in 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas across Botswana using a multistage probability sampling technique. Setting The study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Botswana. Participants The study sample consisted of 1178 adult males and females aged 15 years and above. Primary outcome measures Objectively measured overweight/obesity. Results Prevalence of overweight/obesity in the study population was estimated at 41%. The adjusted OR (AOR) of overweight/obesity were highest among women (AOR=2.74, 95% CI 1.92 to 3.90), in ages 55-64 years (AOR=5.53, 95% CI 2.62 to 11.6), among individuals with secondary (AOR=1.70, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.61) and tertiary education (AOR=1.99, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.38), smokers (AOR=2.16, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.83) and people with poor physically activity (AOR=1.46, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.24). These were statistically significant at 5% level. Conclusion Women, older adults, people with high education level, smokers and people who reported poor physical activity were found to have higher odds of being overweight/obesity. These findings suggest the need for broad based strategies encouraging physical activity among different socioeconomic groups.
AB - Objective To undertake a comprehensive assessment of socioeconomic and behavioural determinants of overweight/obesity among adult population in Botswana. Design The study adopted a cross-sectional design by selecting adult respondents in 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas across Botswana using a multistage probability sampling technique. Setting The study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Botswana. Participants The study sample consisted of 1178 adult males and females aged 15 years and above. Primary outcome measures Objectively measured overweight/obesity. Results Prevalence of overweight/obesity in the study population was estimated at 41%. The adjusted OR (AOR) of overweight/obesity were highest among women (AOR=2.74, 95% CI 1.92 to 3.90), in ages 55-64 years (AOR=5.53, 95% CI 2.62 to 11.6), among individuals with secondary (AOR=1.70, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.61) and tertiary education (AOR=1.99, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.38), smokers (AOR=2.16, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.83) and people with poor physically activity (AOR=1.46, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.24). These were statistically significant at 5% level. Conclusion Women, older adults, people with high education level, smokers and people who reported poor physical activity were found to have higher odds of being overweight/obesity. These findings suggest the need for broad based strategies encouraging physical activity among different socioeconomic groups.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 31818834
AN - SCOPUS:85076377470
SN - 2044-6055
VL - 9
JO - BMJ Open
JF - BMJ Open
IS - 12
M1 - e029570
ER -
